The island is 221.45 km (138 mi; 120 nmi) south of the country's capital, Malé.

While the age group of 18-65 comprised 611 women, the elderly females numbered 46.

Statistical records as of June 2006 showed that the number of boys (aged below 18) was 520.

While fishing has become their main source of income, contract work, shipping and business have also taken their place in the economic activities of the island.

In Thimarafushi there is a youth centre which provides many indoor games, like table tennis, billiard, badminton, and futsal.

In September 2013, built on reclaimed land, Thimarafushi Airport was opened in the island.

The size of the island increased to 0.62 km2 (0.24 sq mi) following this project, that also added a new neighborhood.