Thomas Algeo Rowley (October 5, 1808 – May 14, 1892) was a Union Army general in the American Civil War.

Following charges about the conduct of his officers at Gettysburg, Rowley was tried by a court martial that was later declared biased, and he was reinstated.

On July 1, 1863, the brigade suffered heavy casualties confronting Confederates from Maj. Gen. Harry Heth's division.

Sick with infection from boils the size of hens eggs on his inner thighs, he was feverish, and temperamental.

Given less than 24 hours to prepare a defense for trial, Rowley was convicted by a court martial that author John F. Krumwiede states was, "lacking impartiality and marching to its own drum".