Thomas Belden Butler (August 22, 1806 – June 8, 1873) was a Whig politician from Connecticut.

He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut's 4th congressional district from 1849 to 1851.

He had previously served as a member of the Connecticut Senate representing the 12th District from 1847 to 1848.

He was graduated from the medical department of Yale University in 1828 and commenced practice in Norwalk, Connecticut.

He was admitted to the bar in 1837 and commenced practice in Norwalk.