Thomas Benton Wheeler (June 7, 1840 – February 21, 1913) was an American judge and politician who served as the 16th Lieutenant Governor of Texas as a member of the Democratic party from 1887 to 1891.

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Wheeler enlisted as a private in Company A of Peter C. Woods's regiment of the confederate army.

Following the end of the war, Wheeler moved to Austin, Texas, where he began to practice law.

After his tenure as Mayor, Wheller moved to Breckenridge in Stephens County where he was elected judge of the 12th Judicial District in 1880.

Wheeler died in a hotel in San Antonio on February 21, 1913, he lies buried at Prairie View Cemetery in Aransas Pass, Texas.