Thomas Ellsworth Martin (January 18, 1893 – June 27, 1971) was an American politician who served as a United States Representative (1939–1955) and Senator (1955–1961) from Iowa.

from Columbia Law School in 1928 and was a sales analyst and accountant for a rubber company in Akron, Ohio, and Dallas, Texas, in 1916 and 1917.

During the First World War he served as a first lieutenant with the Thirty-fifth Infantry, United States Army, from 1917 to 1919.

After the war, he continued work in the rubber industry, then became an assistant professor of military science and tactics at the University of Iowa from 1921 to 1923.

In 1938, Martin was elected as a Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives, serving Iowa's 1st congressional district.