Thomas John Houghton (24 December 1861 – 30 August 1933) was an English-born Australian politician.
He was born in Liverpool to George Houghton and Frances Fairclough.
He married Catherine Susanna Kitsch on 31 December 1884 at Grafton; they had three children.
Houghton was involved in the labour movement through his membership in a typographical association.
Involved in the founding of the Labor Party, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Glebe in 1891, but refused to sign the pledge and contested the 1894 election unsuccessfully as an independent free trader.