Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. (October 1, 1768 – June 20, 1828) was an American planter, soldier, and politician from Virginia.

[4] Randolph received his early education from his mother and private tutors, as was customary in many planter families.

[18] After her father retired, Martha and their children lived at Monticello beginning in 1808 and including the period when Randolph was governor.

Randolph could not rise to his full potential due to his lack of common sense, inability to manage his temper,[1] and alcoholism.

[7] Edge Hill plantation, along with its crops, buildings, animals, and enslaved people, was foreclosed in 1825 and the sale proceeds failed to pay back all the family's creditors.

This made him even angrier and resentful that his family had focused their energy on holding on to Monticello, which was also in financial peril, over Edge Hill.

[1][26] After Jefferson's death, Martha Randolph moved with her two youngest children to Boston to gain distance from her husband, and to spend time with her older daughter.

[8][27] After Randolph's death, Martha lived with her son at Edge Hill[24] and other children in Boston and Washington, D.C. She was buried in the Monticello cemetery.

In Virginia, he was a lieutenant colonel for the state militia to prevent British forces from entering Richmond in 1814.

[30] Desperate for work in late 1826, Randolph applied to and obtained employment from Secretary of War James Barbour, a former governor of Virginia, as a federal commission member to settle a boundary dispute between Georgia and the territory of Florida.

[24][25] Randolph supervised stewards and overseers and the work on Mulberry Row when Jefferson was away from Monticello (such as when he was vice-president and president).

[36] They corresponded about plantation business, such as when Jefferson asked Randolph to "speak to Lilly [an overseer] as to the treatment of the nailers.

It was hard work that required "long hours in the hot, smoky workshop", but it was a very profitable enterprise.

Isaac Jefferson, who had worked in the nailery, stated that making nails meant the boys would receive extra food and clothing.

George Granger was a black foreman for the boys who decided in 1798 that he would no longer whip the young men.

Randolph wrote to Jefferson that Granger could no longer control the boys, and the production of the nailery suffered as a result.

Jefferson disliked violence and confrontation and preferred for there to be no corporal punishment, but he relied on men who "impose[d] a vigor of discipline."