Thomas Underwood Dudley (September 26, 1837 – January 22, 1904) was an American prelate who served as the second Bishop of Kentucky in The Episcopal Church.

He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1858, where he taught Latin and Greek until the American Civil War.

He served in the Confederate States Army through the war, attaining the rank of Major.

[1] After the war, he studied at the Virginia Theological Seminary and graduated in 1867.

[1] At his death in 1904, Dudley was chairman of the House of Bishops and chancellor of Sewanee: The University of the South.