[4] Thongloun Sisoulith was born in the Houaphan province of Laos on 10 November 1945, when it was struggling for independence from French control.

[5] From 1973 to 1978, Thongloun studied a Master of Linguistics and Literature at the Gerzen Pedagogy Institute in Leningrad, Soviet Union.

He then returned to and from 1978 to 1979, where he served as a lecturer at the National University of Laos following the Communist takeover of Vientiane in 1975.

[11] As Prime Minister, Thongloun postponed several meetings and travelled to the affected area in Sanamxay district to oversee relief efforts.

[14] During the COVID-19 pandemic, Laos cooperated with both Vietnam and Cambodia, with Thongloun holding phone calls with his Cambodian and Vietnamese counterparts Hun Sen and Nguyễn Xuân Phúc.

[16] On 10 June, he praised the National Taskforce Committee for its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Laos following 59 days of no new cases of COVID-19, as well as support from other countries such as China, United States and Vietnam.

[18] On 13 December 2020, Thongloun spoke to the United Nations on how Laos continues to follow the Paris Agreement, as well as other policies which aim to reduce carbon emissons.

[20] Thongloun was sworn into office on 22 March 2021, replacing previous leader Bounnhang Vorachith after he retired.

[4] After his swearing into the role, he enjoyed popular support due to his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and his anti-corruption initiatives.

[25] On 26 May 2023, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as tensions between China and Taiwan, Thongloun warned that they had the chance to escalate into larger scale wars.

Thongloun's daughter Moukdavanh is currently a deputy director general of the International Organization Department within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos.