Insurgent victory: The following is a partial timeline (1810–1812) of the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821), its antecedents and its aftermath.

The Mexican War of Independence was an attempt, ultimately successful, led by Mexican-born Spaniards, called "criollos", to shake off the rule of Spain and the political and social dominance in Mexico of a small number of Spanish-born people living in Mexico, called "peninsulares" or derisively "gachupines."

The war began in 1810, led by a small group of criollos in the Bajio region who were supported by a large number of mixed-blood mestizos and indigenous people.

In 1810, a tax official calculated that New Spain (Mexico plus California, the American Southwest, and Texas) had a population of 6.1 million people, of which 18 percent or 1,097,928 were Spaniards.

The greatest concentration of peninsulares was in the capital of Mexico City.