[4] North Central Timor Regency was de jure formed on 9 August 1958 from three autonomous royal regions (swapraja) but de facto function only began early November 1958 after its first regent was sworn in.

Since 1915, the region had been part of Onderafdeeling Noord Miden Timor during Dutch rule; it was composed of the native kingdoms of Miomaffo, Insana, and Biboki.

Local government structure changed little under the Japanese, who mostly preserved it to simplify civil administration.

In 1946, after the end of the Second World War, during the Malino Conference, the region's local rulers wanted to be included in Lesser Sunda province, together with Bali and West Nusa Tenggara, under the newly formed Indonesian Republic.

[7] Local administration was reorganized in 1949 after independence, and formed its own parliament under Timor Regional Law Number 10 of 1949.

[8] The regency was devastated by Cyclone Seroja in early 2021, prompting the relocation of several settlements and buildings by Indonesian government.

To solve this, the government of Indonesia has built several new dams in the region to avoid drought and secure access to water for its population.

Between June and September, wind comes from Australia, bringing little water vapor to the region, and the dry season begins.

(f) comprising five kelurahan (Ainiut, Bitauni, Fatoin, Manunain A and Nunmafo) and twelve desa.

North Central Timor Regency is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city.

The regent directly appoints heads of districts with the recommendation of the regency secretary.

Executive power lies with the regent and vice-regent, and legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.

[41] The Regency's gross regional product (GRP) is dominated by agriculture, which makes up 39.82% of its economy.

West Miomaffo District has the lowest male–female sex ratio with 0.95:1, and the highest is Biboki Feotleu with 1.43:1.

[43] The same year, the regency's poverty rate of 22.28% was high relative to other regions in Indonesia.

Other than that, 276.46 km (171.78 miles) of road have gravel surface, and the rest are either concrete or soil.

[48][49][50] A port facility, which is expected to be expanded as part of new special economic zone plan, is also located in Wini.