Tina Strobos

Tina Strobos (née Tineke Buchter; May 19, 1920 – February 27, 2012) was a Dutch physician and psychiatrist from Amsterdam, known for her resistance work during World War II.

While a young medical student, she worked with her mother and grandmother to rescue more than 100 Jewish refugees as part of the Dutch resistance during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.

Strobos provided her house as a hiding place for Jews on the run, using a secret attic compartment and warning bell system to keep them safe from sudden police raids.

In addition, Strobos smuggled guns and radios for the resistance and forged passports to help refugees escape the country.

Strobos built a career as a family psychiatrist, receiving the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal in 1998 for her medical work, and finally retired from active practice in 2009.

[3] Strobos began her rescue work by hiding her best friend, a Jewish girl named Tirtsah Van Amerongen.

[9] Family friend Henri Polak—a socialist writer and labor leader—also decided to go into hiding, and Strobos' grandmother agreed to help him.

[8][10] Working with her mother and grandmother throughout the war, Strobos rescued over 100 Jewish refugees by hiding them four or five at a time in the family's boarding house at 282 Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal.

[12] Strobos and her mother often visited the people that they had arranged hiding places for, cycling miles out into the countryside to provide isolated refugees with valuable news and conversation.

"[6] During the early years of the war, Strobos was engaged to Abraham "Bram" Pais, a young Jewish particle physicist.

When Strobos heard the news, she found the Gestapo official in charge and persuaded him to let Tirtsah and Jeanne go free, but she could not do the same for Lion.

Strobos took this letter directly to a high-ranking German official and asked him to free Pais, describing him as "a young genius in physics" who would go on to do great things.

[12] Strobos and her mother also hid critical members of the Dutch underground movement, including resistance leader Johan Brouwer.

[8] At the beginning of her work for the Dutch resistance, Strobos smuggled weapons, radios, and explosives, traveling up to fifty miles with the contraband hidden in her bicycle basket.

[8] To forge paperwork to help Jews flee the country, Strobos stole identity cards from non-Jewish people at social gatherings,[12] and replaced the photos and fingerprints with those of her Jewish refugees.

[9] She sometimes resorted to other measures to get the papers she needed: Strobos asked pickpockets to steal identity cards from travelers at train stations,[2] and in 1941, she stole passports from the coat pockets of guests at her aunt's funeral.

[8] Strobos' maternal grandmother, Marie Schotte Abrahams,[6] had a radio transmitter hidden in her house, which was used to send encoded messages from the Dutch underground to the BBC in Britain.

[8] On one occasion, when a Nazi visited Abrahams's house and tried to interrogate her, she grasped his arm, looked him in the eye, and asked, "Did I not see you looting a Persian rug out of the Mendlessohns' apartment next door a few nights ago?"

[8] She was taking her pharmacology exam at her professor's house in May 1945 and was interrupted when the Canadian Army arrived to liberate the Netherlands officially, and everyone raced outside to watch the tanks and soldiers come through the city gates.

[5] After the war ended, Strobos obtained her medical degree from the University of Amsterdam in 1946 and went on to study psychiatry in London, England with Anna Freud.

The Amsterdam street Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal where Strobos' house was located (photo c.1906–1910)
Tina Strobos (left), her fiancé Abraham Pais , and her mother Marie Schotte, c. 1941
An example of Dutch identity paperwork during World War II