"[3] Because its people were poor and lacked political power, West Kingston had been the site for many institutional and undesirable projects, some of which were hazardous to the environment.

He continued, "It is also the site of 1/3 of all the funeral parlours in the Corporate Area; the oil refinery is situated in West Kingston; the Jamaica Railway Corporation is situated in West Kingston; the JOS bus depot at that time; it is today the site of the largest power plant - Hunts Bay.

[3] Owing to problems with persistent poverty and the development of widescale, international drug trafficking, particularly between Jamaica and the U.S., Tivoli Gardens at the turn of the twenty-first century became the scene of repeated confrontations between gunmen and security forces in 1997, 2001, 2005,[1] 2008[2] and during the 2010 Kingston unrest.

The latter was associated with a manhunt for Christopher Coke, a drug crime boss, and head of the Shower Posse, who lived in Tivoli Gardens.

[7] The 2014 novel A Brief History of Seven Killings by Marlon James, is partly set in Tivoli Gardens (renamed "Copenhagen City" for the purposes of the book.