His father was a farmworker, and due to extreme poverty, he sold Toʻxtasin to a baker to work in his bakery, who then resold him.
[3] In the late 1910s, in the midst of the Basmachi movement, Jalilov helped Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi form a mobile musical ensemble, which travelled on a car decorated with red banners.
In 1935, Jalilov participated in an international music festival in London with other famous artists of the Uzbek SSR including Usta Olim Komilov and Tamara Khanum.
[9] Jalilov composed the music for classic Uzbek plays, operas, and songs based on the works of Soviet poets.
[3] He composed the opera Tohir and Zukra, working with Boris Brovtsyn, and created melodies, albeit without using sheet music.