They had five daughters: Rosa Isabel, Marta, Lilia, María Cristina and Susana; and one son: Carlos Francisco.

He came to power as a result of a military coup, led by General Alfredo Stroessner, which began on 4 May 1954 and lasted for three days.

As a compromise between the military who led the coup and the Colorado Party who was in power, he formally took office on 8 May 1954.

On 15 August 1954, Romero Pereira handed over the presidency to Alfredo Stroessner who then became the dictator of Paraguay for 35 years.

Afterwards, he held various ministerial posts under Stroessner, including head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, until in 1956 he was replaced by Edgar Ynsfrán.