The toque macaque (/tɒk məˈkæk/; Macaca sinica) is a reddish-brown-coloured Old World monkey endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is known as the rilewa or rilawa (Sinhala: රිළවා), (hence the English word "rillow").

[3] The generic name Macaca is from Portuguese macaco, of unclear origin, while sinica means "of China," even though the species is not found there.

aurifrons, but has a long fur and contrasting golden color in the anterior part of its brown cap.

M. s. sinica is found from the Vavuniya, Mannar to the lowlands of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Puttalam, and Kurunegala; and along the arid zone of the Monaragala and Hambantota districts.

M. s. aurifrons can be found sympatrically with the subspecies M. s. sinica within intermediate regions of the country in Kegalle and parts of Kurunegala.

[6] Social status is highly structured in toque macaque troops and dominance hierarchies occur among both males and females.

[6] Young offspring of a troop's alpha female will typically receive better sustenance and shelter than their peers.

[8] One study of toque macaques recorded a diet of 14% flowers, 77% fruits, 5% mushrooms, and 4% prey items.

In the dry zone, they are known to eat drupes of the understory shrub Zizyphus and ripe fruits of Ficus, and Cordia species.

The toque macaque is listed as Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to habitat destruction and hunting, and also for the pet trade.

[2] The Sri Lankan government proposed exporting 100,000 monkeys to China but scrapped the effort after conservationists and zoologists protested.