Tovaangar

[3][4][5] The homelands of the Chumash are to the northwest, the Tataviam to the north, the Serrano and Cahuilla to the east, and the Acjachemen and Payómkawichum to the south.

[7] One of the most significant was the Mohave trail, which connected Tovaangar to nations in the east along, what the Spanish referred to as, the Colorado River.

For ocean travel, particularly between the mainland and the villages on Pimuu'nga, Kinkipar, and Haraasnga, te'aats or ti'ats were common.

These are wooden plank boats built by the Tongva currently in the Ti'at Society that are made air tight with a mixture of asphaltum and hold up to twelve people.

[10] In 2022, a 1-acre site (0.40 ha) was returned to the conservancy in Altadena, which marked the first time the Tongva had land under their stewardship in Los Angeles County in nearly two-hundred years.