Trabzonspor played seven seasons in the Basketbol Süper Ligi, the highest tier in Turkey.

After restarting basketball operations at the beginning of 2024, the club is competing in the Türkiye Basketbol Ligi as of the 2024–25 season.

Trabzonspor promoted to the top-tier TBL (now called BSL), after they won the championship of the Turkish Division in the 2009–10 season.

In the semi-final, Trabzonspor beat Romanian side Energia by a wide margin, 63–83.

After a long hiatus, the club re-entered at the Men's Regional Basketball League level in February 2024.