The municipal unit Traianoupoli is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages given in parentheses):[2] The city was founded by the Roman emperor Trajan (r. 98–117) near the ancient town of Doriscus, and received his name.

[4] In autumn 1077, the troops of the rebel general Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder proclaimed him emperor at Trajanople.

In 1205 or 1207, the town was destroyed by Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, but in 1210 it is attested as a Latin (Roman Catholic) archbishopric.

[4] Following its recovery by the Empire of Nicaea, the Greek Orthodox see was restored; in 1260, John Kondoumnes was named as its bishop.

By the time John Kantakouzenos and his ally, Umur Bey, erected their camp on the site in the winter of 1343/44, the city had lain destroyed and abandoned for several years.

Its suffragan sees were originally Ainos, Didymoteichon, Makri, Maroneia, Mosynopolis, Perberis, Anastasioupolis-Peritheorion, Polystylon, Poroi, Topeiros and Xantheia.

[4] John, Metropolitan of Anastasiopolis, was also administrator (proedros) of Trajanopolis in 1285, but in the early 14th century the see fell vacant.