[3] Previous such regimes—the EU–US Privacy Shield (2016–2020) and the International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles (2000–2015)—were declared invalid by the European Court of Justice in part due to concerns that personal data leaving EU borders is subject to sweeping US government surveillance.
[4][5][6] After the invalidation of the EU–US Privacy Shield in July 2020, companies wishing to transfer data between the EU and the US "have faced confusion, higher compliance costs, and challenges for EU–US business relationships".
[1][10] In October 2022, U.S. President Joe Biden signed an executive order to implement the framework.
[4] In May of 2023, the European Data Protection Board approved the Commission's adequacy decision draft that was published on December 13, 2022.
[3] The Data Protection Review Court (DPRC) is a three-judge panel, established in Executive Order 14086 of 7 October 2022, which will deal with appeals made to the decisions of the Civil Liberties Protection Officer of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence as described by the EU-U.S. Privacy Framework.