), particularly in systems that do not natively support transformation, such as HTML, seven-segment displays and plain text.
In the case of HTML, this limitation in display may eventually be addressed through standard cascading style sheets (CSS), since proposed specifications for CSS3 include rotation for block elements.
With the addition of the Fraser alphabet to the Unicode standard in version 5.2, full (or at least near-full) support for upside-down capital letters is now available.
The process of using alternate characters for sideways text is further complicated by the fact that most fonts space letters further apart vertically (to accommodate underlining and overlining) than horizontally, and that most fonts are taller than they are wider, making simulated sideways text look significantly more awkward.
Internet Explorer offered a proprietary CSS property that rotated text 90 degrees clockwise, which has been revised and incorporated into CSS:
The use of ANSI art and box-drawing characters to manually draw sideways text has the advantage of being copiable and pastable (whereas images are not in most plain text situations), but generally creates large characters and is not generally readable by search engines.
The letters И, Я, and г from Cyrillic, among other sources, are among the numerous characters that can be used to further generate this effect.
The Fixedsys Excelsior typeface includes a complete set of reversed characters like this in its Private Use Area.