Ernst Rudolf von Trautvetter (20 February 1809, in Jelgava – 24 January 1889, in St. Petersburg), was a Baltic German botanist, specialising in the flora of the Caucasus and central Asia.

He was the son of Ernst Christian Johann von Trautvetter (1780-1859), Professor of Philosophy.

From 1829 to 1831, he conducted botanical field trips throughout Livonia, returning to Jelgava in 1831 as a private instructor.

Later in his career, he returned to the botanical garden in St. Petersburg as an administrator and director.

[2] The following are a few of his principal publications: The standard botanical author abbreviation Trautv.