The Treaty or Convention of Altranstädt was signed between Charles XII of Sweden and Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor on 31 August 1707.

While the Protestant Reformation had strongly affected Silesia, the Habsburg emperors had subjected the province to the Counter-Reformation in the 18th century.

[1] The Peace of Westphalia (1648) protected Protestants only in the duchies of Brieg, Liegnitz, Münsterberg, Öls, Wohlau and in the city of Breslau.

[1] In the duchies of Jauer, Glogau and Schweidnitz, the Protestants were allowed to maintain three "peace churches" (Friedenskirchen) outside the city walls.

[6] Joseph I signed this convention in order to prevent Charles XII from entering the War of the Spanish Succession on the French side,[6][7] and held onto strict Roman Catholic policies in his other hereditary lands.