Treaty of Nöteborg

The Russian term for the treaty, directly translated into English, is "The Peace of Orehovsk", latinized as "Orehovskii Mir", or "Ореховский мир" in Cyrillic script.

The Finnish term for the treaty, "Pähkinäsaaren Rauha", translates literally to "The Peace of Nut Island".

[6] The treaty was negotiated with the help of the Hanseatic League in order to conclude the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars.

[citation needed] The treaty defined the border as beginning from east and north of Viborg Castle, running along the Sestra and Volchya Rivers, splitting the Karelian Isthmus in half, running across Savonia and, according to traditional interpretations, ending in the Gulf of Bothnia near the river Pyhäjoki.

The treaty might have originally given both Sweden and Novgorod joint rights to northern Ostrobothnia and Lappland.

The northern part of the border crossed wide stretches of wilderness which later on became the center of contention between Sweden and Novgorod.

Within five years from the treaty being signed, Swedish colonists started making inroads into northern Ostrobothnia.

Prevalent view of the two-branched border set in the treaty. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Shown in red the undisputed section of the border, shown in black dotted line the two branches of the border and in gray the border that was in use in 16th century. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Peace Memorial at Pähkinäsaari