[2] Trempealeau Mountain is mostly wooded, dominated by black and white oak and basswood.

In a hollow on the southeast-facing side, red oaks are found mixed with patches of interrupted ferns.

On the cooler northeast-facing slopes, sugar maple and basswood dominate.

The dry south-facing slopes contain small patches of dry prairie with big blue-stem, needle grass, side-oats grama, hairy grama, white and purple prairie-clover, prairie larkspur, and partridge pea.

French explorers were among the first Europeans to explore the area and the name Trempealeau comes from the French, “la montagne qui trempe à l’eau” meaning “the mountain whose foot is bathed in water”.