[citation needed] Clubs were used during nighttime trench raiding expeditions as a quiet and effective way of killing or wounding enemy soldiers.
It was common practice to fix a metal object at the striking end (e.g. such as an empty or deactivated Mills bomb) in order to maximize the injury inflicted.
Another common design comprised a simple staff with the end drilled out and a lead weight inserted, with rows of large hobnails hammered in around its circumference.
Most designs had some form of cord or leather strap at the end to wrap around the user's wrist.
They were generally used along with other melee weapons such as trench knives, entrenching tools, bayonets, hatchets, hammers, and pickaxe handles – backed up with handguns, shotguns, submachine guns, and hand grenades.