The fictional metals duranium and tritanium were referred to in many episodes as extremely hard alloys used in starship hulls and hand-held tools.
Neutronium is considered to be virtually indestructible; the only known way of stopping the planet-killer is to destroy it from the inside via the explosion of a starship's impulse engines.
Star Trek technical manuals indicate that transparent aluminum is used in various fittings in starships, including exterior ship portals and windows.
When Dr. Leonard McCoy informs Scott that giving Dr. Nichols (Alex Henteloff) the formula is altering the future, the engineer responds, "Why?
(In the novelization of the film, Scott is aware that Dr. Marcus "Mark" Nichols, the Plexicorp scientist with whom he and McCoy deal, was its "inventor", and concludes that his giving of the formula is a predestination paradox/bootstrap paradox.)
Aluminium oxynitride ((AlN)x·(Al2O3)1−x) is another transparent ceramic, with a hardness of 7.7 Mohs, and has military applications as bullet-resistant armour, but is too expensive for widespread use.
A group of scientists led by Ralf Röhlsberger at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany, succeeded in turning iron transparent during research in 2012 to create quantum computers.
It had unusual effects on Vulcan physiology, causing a loss of emotional control, and became a recurring plot element in the third season of Star Trek: Enterprise, exploring the theme of drug addiction.
Trilithium resin is a toxic byproduct of warp engines, and can be used as a powerful, and quite unstable, explosive (see "Starship Mine", the 18th episode of the sixth season of Star Trek: The Next Generation).
The combination is referred to as "gold-pressed latinum" and is divided into denominations of slips, strips, bars, and bricks in ascending order of value.
[8] Pergium is a substance mined in "The Devil in the Dark", and fictionally given the atomic number 112 as a chemical element in a non-canon Star Trek medical manual publication.
Ketracel-White, introduced in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, is a narcotic stimulant drug intravenously taken among the Jem'Hadar soldiers of The Dominion.
Ketracel-White is stored as a liquid in glass vials locked in portable cases held by Vorta field supervisors.
A Vorta must dispense the drug among the unit they command at regular intervals, otherwise the Jem'Hadar will suffer withdrawal leading to death.
In the Deep Space Nine episode "By Inferno's Light", Protomatter was used by a Dominion changeling in a bomb plot that, if successful, would have destroyed the Bajoran sun and the forces of the Alpha Quadrant.
Spock attempts to use it to stop a massive supernova, but the resulting black hole causes his own ship and a Romulan mining vessel to travel back in time.
Shortly after, the future Spock's ship containing the red matter is used to destroy Nero's Romulan mining vessel.
Archerite was named by Commander Shran also in a bluff in "Proving Ground" as a material that his ship was looking to mine, during an encounter at the test site of the Xindi planet killer weapon.