[2] In 2014, Jarry helped lead the Oil Kings in winning the 2014 Memorial Cup, making 32 saves in a 6–3 victory over the Guelph Storm in the championship game.

[4] On April 9, 2016, Jarry was called up by Pittsburgh Penguins wearing #35 when goalies Marc-André Fleury and Matt Murray were both injured.

[citation needed] Jarry played his first NHL preseason game on September 28, 2016, where he posted a 30-save shutout in a 2–0 victory over the Chicago Blackhawks.

Due to an injury to Murray, Jarry remained on the NHL roster as a backup to veteran Marc-André Fleury.

[10] On January 24, 2018, he was reassigned to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, when Matt Murray returned after missing the first half of the season due to the death of his father.

[15] Jarry recorded the first goal scored by a goaltender in Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins history during a 5–1 win over the Springfield Thunderbirds on November 14, 2018.

[19] In January 2020, Jarry appeared in his first NHL Allstar Game, replacing injured Columbus Blue Jacket's goaltender Joonas Korpisalo.

[21][22] On May 24, 2021, Jarry turned over the puck in his zone and allowed Josh Bailey to score the Game 5 double overtime winner for the New York Islanders, who thus took a 3–2 series lead in the first round of the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs.

[25] However, on April 14, 2022, Jarry sustained a foot injury in a game against the New York Islanders, two weeks before the start of the 2022 Stanley Cup playoffs.

Playing with a still injured foot, Jarry returned for Game 7, where the Rangers ultimately eliminated the Penguins in a 4-3 OT loss.