Additionally, the exact connection between Troy and Arzawa remains unclear, and in some Arzawan states such as Mira, Luwian was spoken alongside both pre-Indo-European languages and later arrivals such as Greek.
Finally, the Luwian seal is by no means sufficient to establish that it was spoken by the city's residents, particularly since it is an isolated example found on an easily transportable artifact.
Herodotus claims the Etruscans sailed from Lydia (the people of which, Beekes contends, lived north of its classical era location) to Italy.
Despite the claim by Herodotus, who wrote that Etruscans migrated to Italy from Lydia in the eastern Mediterranean, there is no material or linguistic evidence to support this.
[14][15] Archaeologist James Mellaart in the American Journal of Archaeology summarized some of the arguments in favor of this hypothesis:[15] When one remembers that Luwian names in -ss and -nd- are rare in the Northwestern corner of Anatolia, Anatolian hieroglyphs absent, and that archaeology suggests that a branch of the Greeks remained behind in this region, where Ahhiyawa should be located, this may just add one more argument to the hypothesis that the "Trojans" called themselves "Akhaiwoi" and spoke some form of Greek.However the site of Troy is devoid of Greek writings from the relevant historical period, and the current evidence points away from a Greek origin.
[14] Several artifacts marked with carved symbols were discovered by Heinrich Schliemann during his 1873 excavations, and some scholars have identified them as related to various Aegean writing systems including Linear A.