The Trompowsky Attack[a] is a chess opening that begins with the moves: White prepares to exchange the bishop for Black's knight, inflicting doubled pawns upon Black in the process.

This is not a lethal threat; Black can choose to fall in with White's plan.

The opening is named after the one-time Brazilian champion Octávio Trompowsky (1897–1984) who played it in the 1930s and 1940s.

Julian Hodgson, Antoaneta Stefanova, and Arjun Erigaisi are among several grandmasters who often employ the Trompowsky.

Black has a number of ways to meet the Trompowsky, some of which avoid doubled pawns, while others allow them.