The 2020 census found 1,156 people in the township.

Located in the northeastern corner of the county, it borders the following townships: No municipalities are located in Troy Township, although the unincorporated community of Steam Corners lies in the central western part of the township.

[4] The Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course is located in the township on Steam Corners Road at the location of the old Jugs Corners community,[5][6] just west of the Richland County line.

[7] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[8] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.