[3] Dung removal and burial by dung beetles result in ecological benefits such as soil aeration and fertilization; improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in Pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal.

They roll away this ball from the position of the original food source and use the dung for feeding or for reproduction.

Lastly, dwellers are beetles that live and reproduce inside the food source rarely creating nests.

When the larva hatches it feeds on the surrounding dung and forms a pupa undergoing several instars.

After this stage the pupa hatches and the newly formed adult evades the tunnel and searches for a fresh dung supply for feeding.

Vegetation provides conditions suitable for vertebrate trafficking allowing more dung presence in the area.

[6] A decline in dung beetle diversity associated with the conversion of native forests to open pastures is known to occur.

These benefits lead to improved nutrient cycling and uptake by plants, increase in pasture quality, biological control of pest flies and intestinal parasites and secondary seed dispersal.

[2][8] These can be grouped by their distribution, though the present classification is expected to require major revision based on recent phylogenetic analyses.