[2] Carved by subsurface water flow in a limestone in Okriba karst massif [3] cave consists of 13 floors.

The second floor, considered to be at cave main elevation, is characterized by a huge natural tunnel (length - 200 m, width - 10–30 m, height 10–28 m).

Finally there is a three caves deep dug in stone with railings, bats and tanks on seventh through ninth floors, which show signs of fortification during the Georgian feudalism era.

Archaeological studies were conducted since the 1970s, when the State Museum of History of Georgia and the Institute of Paleobiology carried out joint works at the site.

A child's tooth found at Tsutskhvati Cave in earlier digs has now been confirmed to be dated back to around 50,000 years ago to the Upper Paleolithic historical period.

The current works were launched in 2017 by an international expedition with support of the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, under the project titled Neanderthals in the South Caucasus.