The Tswapong Range receives relatively more moisture than the surrounding sandy plain of Mopane woodland.

The rocky cliffs are made of porous rock that absorbs rainwater, which then seeps out forming permanent cascades and pools, such as the Phothophotho Gorge.

[2] The former capital of the Ngwato Kingdom was in Phalatswe, also called Old Palapye, at the western end of the Tswapong Range.

The hills, however, provide one of the two breeding sites in Botswana for the cape vulture, a vulnerable species.

Among the other wildlife found in the Tswapong Range, the leopard, brown hyena, kudu, rock hyrax, baboon and crested porcupine deserve mention.