Tubeteika

A tubeteika (Tajik: тоқӣ, Tajik: тӯппӣ in Northern Tajikistan, Uzbek: doʻppi / дўппи, Kazakh: төбетей, тақия, Kyrgyz: тебетей, суусар тумак, Tatar: түбәтәй; Russian: тюбете́йка, romanized: tyubeteika, IPA: [tʲʉbʲɪˈtʲeɪ̯kə] ⓘ) is a Russian word for many varieties of traditional Central Asian caps.

Tubeteikas are today worn in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, as well as in Muslim-populated regions of Russia (mainly Tatars) and Azerbaijan.

The doppa or duppi (Uzbek: doʻppi, Tajik: тӯппӣ) is considered an applied art form and an important part of the traditional folk costume.

[1] Black with a flat, square base,[2] In Chust, Uzbekistan, the caps are made with white embroidery with "four arches [which] represent impenetrable gates that will keep all enemies at bay; the burning peppers protect against the evil eye; and the almonds or bodom are said to symbolise life and fertility".

[3] In Tajikistan, styles vary greatly depending on the region: in the north (Sughd), they are traditionally square and mostly black-and-white, while in the South (Khatlon) they are round and usually made with bright colors.