Tumulus of Bougon

[1][2] The stepped mound, erected in the early 4th millennium BC, has a diameter of 42 m and a maximum height of 5 m. Its large rectangular chamber (7.8 × 5 m, 2.25 m high) lies south of its centre.

The vague reports of that early excavation prevent any detailed chronological analysis.

The mound's west part has two larger rectangular chambers, each accessible via a passage from the south.

Both were empty, but they may possibly be associated with a large heap of Late Neolithic pottery sherds found nearby.

In front of each of the three sides of its tall facade wall, a double burial of an adult and a child was found.

A 35m long and 2 m tall drystone wall subdivides the Bougon complex in two zones, separating Tumuli E and F from the rest of the site.

Several finds, including a piece of wood, proved the Neolithic date of this feature, unparalleled among the megalithic monuments of France.

This doubly stepped mound, 22m long and 10 m wide, has two chambers accessible by near-central passages from the east.

Excavation in 1977 revealed a steep hemispherical mound containing a circular structure of 2.5 m in diameter.

It lies within a triple concentric drystone facade and is covered with a corbelled vault.

The tomb, which dates from about 4700 BC, contained the unarticulated remains of about ten individuals, half of them children.

A layer of red clay had been placed atop the natural floor level.

The chamber, approximately 5 m by 2 m, is covered by a 32-ton slab, made from a type of stone available near Exodoun, 4 km away.

The scarce finds from the chamber included pottery fragments, some unusual jewellery (beads) and flint tools.

It includes the excavated material from the site, but also replicas of a room in the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük (Turkey) and of the passage tomb art from Gavrinis (Brittany).

The museum also has an outside area with displays of experimental archaeology, including reconstructions concerned with prehistoric methods for the transport and construction of megalithic monuments.

Map of the megalithic site, les Chirons, Bougon. Esri World Topographic Map, from geoportail.gouv.fr
Map of the megalithic site,
Les Chirons, Bougon
: Esri World Topographic Map, from geoportail.gouv.fr
Plan of the Bougon complex
Showcase of the limestone geology in Deux-Sèvres .
Ammonite and nautilus fossils, Bernard d'Agesci museum , Niort , whose limestone sedimentary basin extends to Bougon.
Tumulus A
Tumulus A, entrance
Tumulus A, rear
Tumulus B
Tumulus C
Tumulus C, entrance, partially obscured
Tumulus F, elongated, with stepped mound at each terminal
Tumulus F, other end
Tumulus F2
Tumulus F2
The Bougon Museum
Display illustrating megalith-building technology