Tunnel injection is a field electron emission effect; specifically a quantum process called Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, whereby charge carriers are injected to an electric conductor through a thin layer of an electric insulator.
The process used for erasing is called tunnel release.
This injection is achieved by creating a large voltage difference between the gate and the body of the MOSFET.
When VGB >> 0, electrons are injected into the floating gate.
When VGB << 0, electrons are forced out of the floating gate.