Its presence extends beyond the local precinct by having the sound of its bells chiming at noon broadcast on national radio.

During the 15th century, side-chapels were added along the north and south sides of the nave, containing altars dedicated to various saints.

Bishop Hemming was a significant benefactor to the Turku Cathedral, overseeing major restorations in the 14th century.

Another historically important figure buried in the Turku Cathedral is Queen consort Karin Månsdotter (1550–1612).

She was the Queen of Sweden for a short period alongside Erik XIV but lived many decades of her life in the current day Finland.

In the 1860s her remains were raised from the burial vault by the Memorial Committee and they were moved to the Kankas Chapel in which she now resides in a black marble sarcophagus decorated with a crown resting on a golden pillow.

The present spire of the tower, constructed after the great fire, reaches a height of 101 meters above sea level, and is visible over a considerable distance as the symbol of both the cathedral and the city of Turku itself.

The walls and roof in the chancel are decorated with frescos in the Romantic style by the court painter Robert Wilhelm Ekman, which depict events from the life of Jesus, and the two key events in the history of the Finnish Church: the baptism of the first Finnish Christians by Bishop Henry by the spring at Kupittaa, and the presentation to King Gustav Vasa by the Reformer Michael Agricola of the first Finnish translation of the New Testament.

The current main organ of the cathedral was built by Veikko Virtanen Oy of Espoo, Finland, in 1980, and features 81 ranks with a mechanical action.

Written records have been found mentioning a clay pit near the cathedral, owned by the local Dominican order.