[2] According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 47.2 square miles (122.3 km2), of which 0.5 acres (1,972 m2), or less than 0.01%, are water.

Tuscarora Creek, a tributary of the Juniata River, flows from southwest to northeast through the center of the township.

The census-designated place of East Waterford is in the southeastern part of the county along Pennsylvania Route 75.

Other unincorporated places in the township include Reeds Gap, McCoysville, McCullochs Mills, Bunker Hill, and Honey Grove.

20.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.