[6] The province had a population of 805,780 in 2022,[7] with a density of 137 persons per km2 over a total land area of 5,868 square kilometres (2,266 sq mi).

[2] Tuyên Quang borders Hà Giang to the north, Cao Bằng to the northeast, Bắc Kạn and Thái Nguyên to the east, Vĩnh Phúc to the south, Phú Thọ to the southwest, and Yên Bái to the west.

[8] Tuyên Quang, the capital city of the province has a rich history of the battles fought in the region.

During this war the Viet Minh made the Legionnaires surrender at the memorial to the Battle of Tuyên Quang.

Another historical event is the Siege of Tuyên Quang, commemorated in the first verse of Le Boudin, its principal marching song.

Under the rule of Emperor Trần Hiến Tông (reigned 1329–1341), Tuyên Quang was given the status of a trấn, before being categorised as thành phủ when the Ming dynasty of China briefly annexed Vietnam at the start of the 15th century.

During the reign of Lê Trang Tông, Minh Quang became An Tại, and control of the region was given to the Vũ family, ethnic Thai people.

By the end of the 17th century, the Lê dynasty sent ethnic Vietnamese officials to the area to supervise the Thais.

After Gia Long started the Nguyễn dynasty, he changed the region to the trấn of Tuyên Quang, and it became a province under the rule of his successor Emperor Minh Mạng.

When the French carried out their colonial conquest, the phủ of Yên Bình was at the forefront of the resistance movement.

People from the Thái, Mường, Mèo, Thổ, Nùng and another ethnic groups engaged the French in many battles in the area in 1884–1885.

[6][9] In the southern part of the province, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) away from Hanoi as the crow flies, is the provincial capital, also bearing the name of the capital city of the province, Tuyên Quang has an elevation below 100 metres (330 ft) located on the right bank of the Lô River, a tributary of the Red River which rises at Hà Giang, near the Chinese border.

The second major river is the Gâm, which originates in China and flows through Cao Bằng and Hà Giang, before entering Tuyên Quang.

Major water transport routes are on the Lô, Gâm, and Pho Day Rivers which connect Tuyên Quang with neighboring provinces.

[9] The temperate to subtropical, tropical climate facilitates growth of natural flora and a diversified plant mechanism.

Frequently, the strong intensity rainstorms result in floods, which occasionally cause damage to people and property.

[11] According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the province had a population of 784,811 in 2019, with a density of 130 persons per km2 over a total land area of 5,867.3 square kilometres (2,265.4 sq mi).

Under an IFAD funded project for Rural Development (IFAD loan:US$20.9 million), agricultural training has been provided to the farmers on pilot plots to teach them to adopt new practices and techniques in the field of agriculture, animal husbandry, credit, food storage and processing that are appropriate for the local environment.

[15] The forestry sector of the economy is influenced by the Bai Bang pulp and paper mill, said to be one of the largest in Vietnam, located in the adjoining Vinh Phu Province.

Commercial logging is carried out in the plantation forests by the state-sponsored enterprises to supply pulp to the factory.

[22] The Tuyên Quang Hydropower Plant, also known as Dai Thi, is a major hydroelectric power project located within the province on the Gam River near Pac Ta Mountain.

Data compiled for the province has recorded flora from 90 families, 258 classes, and 597 species, and many of them are listed as endangered.

The habitat of the mammals, including primates, is stated to be shrinking due to deforestation and expansion of agricultural activities.

[6][9][25] Historical places in the province include the Cave Pagoda at Yên Sơn; the Dat Nong Tien and the Thuong Temple in Tuyên Quang.

The natural beauty of the province is provided by the mountain ranges with peaks exceeding 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), and the My Lam Mineral Spring.