He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers, where in 2019 he was the starting shooting guard on their national championship team.

[4] On February 4, 2019, Jerome was named as one of the ten finalists for the Bob Cousy Award, recognizing the nation's top college point guard.

[8] Coincidentally, both players the Suns traded for were recruited out of high school and played their college basketball for Tony Bennett: Baynes at Washington State and Jerome at Virginia.

[12][13] Jerome was assigned to Northern Arizona again on November 29 for a game against the Sioux Falls Skyforce before being recalled to Phoenix a day later.

[14][15][16] Jerome made his NBA debut on December 2, 2019, in a 109–104 win over the Charlotte Hornets with four points, four assists, three rebounds, and three steals in 12 minutes of play.

On November 16, 2020, Jerome was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder alongside Kelly Oubre Jr., Ricky Rubio, Jalen Lecque, and a 2022 first-round pick in exchange for Chris Paul and Abdel Nader.

[19] He was assigned to the Thunder's G League affiliate, the Oklahoma City Blue, still recovering from a severe left ankle sprain suffered a year earlier.

[23] On September 30, 2022, Jerome was traded, along with Derrick Favors, Maurice Harkless, Théo Maledon and a future second-round pick, to the Houston Rockets in exchange for David Nwaba, Sterling Brown, Trey Burke, and Marquese Chriss.

[28] On January 24, 2025, he would score a new career-high with 33 points made (including a perfect 8-of-8 shooting rate for three-point shots) in a 129–132 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers.

Jerome ended up becoming the first Cavaliers player in franchise history to make eight three-pointers without missing a single attempt.