The central part of AMCOM's mission involves ensuring readiness through acquisition and sustainment support for aviation systems, missile systems, and Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) throughout their life cycle.

The command is headquartered at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, has a 2019 "budget of more $3.7 billion, and a global workforce of more than 15,000 military and civilian employees".

[2] AMCOM works closely with The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC)[3] which operates simulation facilities to evaluate missile components, such as seekers, in a variety of flights and countermeasures environments.

AMCOM also has access to several wind tunnels to test full-size helicopters, a vertical motion simulator for flight control evaluation and a crash-testing tower used to improve safety.

AMCOM's TMDE Activity provides worldwide command and control over a broad metrology and calibration program.