The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Jayankondam.
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Udayarpalayam had a population of 384,800 with 190,974 males and 193,826 females.
Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,417 males and 17,971 females.
[1] The district became famous in 2008, when theft of eight idols were discovered from a 9th-century Chola Brihadeeswarar Temple at Sripuranthan village was discovered by Archaeological Survey of India(ASI) Government of India officials.
Two of the stolen statues were consequently returned and are now displayed in the Government Museum at Kumbakonam.