Formerly known as Tamias umbrinus,[1] phylogenetic studies have shown it to be sufficiently distinct from the eastern chipmunk as to be placed in a separate genus, Neotamias.

[5][6] Uinta chipmunks do not have a continuous, unbroken range, but are instead found in a number of disjunct localities,[2] perhaps reflecting changing patterns of forest cover during the Pleistocene.

Their primary diet consists of the seeds of coniferous trees such as Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, juniper, and spruce, and on the fruit of local shrubs such as wild roses, raspberries, and chokecherries.

[5] The chipmunks are solitary, diurnal, animals, and are aggressive to other members of their own species, each individual defending a territory of 2 to 5 ha (4.9 to 12.4 acres).

They spend much of the winter in their dens, but are otherwise highly arboreal, climbing trees to search for food and escape from predators.

[5] The animals have been reported to make a number of different vocalizations, with most common being bursts of sharp "chip" sounds that can continue for up to 15 minutes, and are made from exposed locations, such as rock outcrops or high branches.

Other vocalizations include lower-pitched "chuck" sounds, often interspersed with "chips" while fleeing from predators, trills, and squeals.

[9] The breeding season occurs in the spring, roughly from late April to early June, with the exact time depending on the local climate and latitude.

The dorsal surface of the tip has a low keel, approximately 25% of its length, while the distal half of the shaft is laterally compressed.

Additionally, winter pelage features longer guard hairs, providing enhanced insulation during colder months.