Ulemosaurus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids that lived 265 to 260 million years ago, at Isheevo in Russian Tatarstan.

It was a tapinocephalid, a group of bulky herbivores which flourished in the Middle Permian.

This thickening is possibly related to head-butting behavior, as some researchers suggest.

Ulemosaurus is a large Moschops-like form from Russia; it is probably similar enough to be included as a separate species of Moschops.

Despite its advanced characteristics, it lived slightly before the Karoo forms, showing that the Moschopines, and indeed the Tapinocephalidae in general, had already attained their acme by early Capitanian time.