Ulises Francisco Espaillat Quiñones (February 9, 1823 – April 25, 1878) was a 19th-century Dominican Republic liberal politician and author.

His father was the tenth and junior child of Francisco Espaillat y Virol —a Frenchman native to Masclat that settled in Santiago in 1758 in an epoch where one-third of the population was of French origin— and Petronila Velilla Sánchez —whose father was born in Aragon, and her maternal grandfather was from the Canary Islands and a great-grandfather was from Italy.

In his early childhood and adolescence he received lessons in English, French, music, mathematics and other disciplines, within the limited possibilities of school education that the country lived under the Haitian occupation.

Espaillat was a political and economic liberal who wished to broaden the personal freedoms of the Dominican people and improve the country's economy by taking from the producers of the society in order to pay for his ideas.

However, he was forced to resign (on December 20, 1876) before he could set in motion any plan of action, due to rebellions in the south and east.