Ulleung County consists mainly of the island of Ulleungdo and 44 smaller islands located in the East Sea, including the Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo) in the effective governance of South Korea but claimed by Japan.

Ulleung County is administratively divided into one eup and two myeon: Ulleung-eup, Buk-myeon, and Seo-myeon, which are divided into 10 legal ri, those into 25 administrative ri, and at the most basic level the county is held to contain 56 "natural villages.

Hyeonjong of Goryeo sent his ambassador to islands for recovering ruined farming land in 1012.

Ulleung County, which has one of the highest snowfalls in all of Korea, hosts the Snowflower Festival.

[5] Ulleung has a cooler version of a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa) with very warm, rainy, muggy summers and cold, snowy winters.