In the Institute of Pharmacology in Berlin led by his father, Ullrich got to know opponents of National Socialism such as Otto Krayer, Edith Bülbring and Marthe Vogt.
After his retirement he moved to Tübingen where he lived until his death and where he received lifelong friends such as the Portuguese pharmacologist Serafim Guimarães.
He clarified mechanisms of hypersensitivity and subsensitivity to drugs, and his review of this subject became a citation classic.
He identified pathways of inactivation of catecholamines in which a membrane transport protein and an enzyme are arranged in sequence.
[7] Inspired by his friendship with persons such as Otto Krayer, he published biographies of pharmacologists who had been persecuted by National Socialism[8] Trendelenburg was honorary member of the Polish, Indian, Czechoslovakian, German and Venezuelan Pharmacological Societies and honorary doctor of the medical faculties of five universities: Tampere, Finland, Porto, Portugal, Ohio State University, Lublin, Poland, and Prague.