[1] This mildew can be treated with sulfur or fungicides; however resistance to several chemical classes such as Benomyl, the DMIs, and Strobilurins has developed.

While synthetic fungicides are often recommended as applications around bloom, it is common to include sulfur in a tank mix to help with resistance management.

Symptoms that occur as a result of the infection include necrosis, stunting, leaf curling, and a decrease in quality of the fruit produced.

The primary inoculum process begins with an ascogonium (female) and antheridium (male) joining to produce an offspring.

Once these spores germinate, they produce a structure called a haustoria, capable of "sucking" nutrients from the plant cells directly under the epidermis of the leaf.

[2] Powdery Mildew thrives in warm, moist environments and infects younger plant tissues like fruit, leaves, and green stems and buds.

Cooler conditions, such as shading and poor aeration, promote infection due to a higher relative humidity, optimally 85% or greater.

Warmer weather cultivars of Vitis vinifera and French hybrids provide overwintering protection in buds and during moderate winters climates.

Optimal sites feature full sun on all grape structures and ample aeration to reduce humid microclimates under shading leaves.

Pruning vines and clusters and planting on a gentle slope and orienting in rows running North and South promote full sun and aeration.

[4] Since the fungus grows on tissue surfaces rather than inside epithelial cells, topical applications of oils and other compounds are recommended.

Integrated pest management programs are utilized by organic and conventional agriculture systems, while the latter prescribes the addition of fungicides.

To limit powdery mildew resistance, growers alternate treatments by employing multiple modes of action.