[1] Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation.
[1] Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks.
This article covers all Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".
The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles.
The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block.
In order, these are ℎ / ℬ ℰ ℱ ℋ ℐ ℒ ℳ ℛ / ℯ ℊ ℴ / ℭ ℌ ℑ ℜ ℨ / ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ.